Alexander, Michael C. 2002. The Case for the Prosecution in the Ciceronian Era. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Ballacci, Giuseppe. 2017. Political Theory Between Philosophy and Rhetoric: Politics as Transcendence and Contingency. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Chapter 3: The Union of Philosophy and Rhetoric: Cicero and Quintilian, 51-83.
Baltussen, Han. 2013. "Cicero Consolatio ad se: character, purpose and impact of a curious treatise." In Greek and Roman Comsolations: Eight Studies of a Tradition and Its Afterlife, edited by Baltussen, Han, 67–91. Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales.
Berno, Francesca Romana, and La Bua, Giuseppe, eds. 2022. Portraying Cicero in Literature, Culture, and Politics: From Ancient to Modern Times. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Bonner, S. F. 1949. Roman Declamation in Roman Republic and Early Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Declamation from Cicero to the elder Seneca pp. 27-50.
Butler, Shane. 2002. The Hand of Cicero. New York: Routledge.
Calboli Montefusco, Lucia. 1994. "Aristotle and Cicero on the officia oratoris." In Peripatetic Rhetoric After Aristotle, edited by Fortenbaugh, William W. and Mirhady, David C., 66–94. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.

"It is well known that Cicero derived from Aristotle and from the later Peripatetic school many precepts.(19 This is certainly true of rhetoric; and in this paper I would like to focus on a problem which, when examined carefully, turns out to be much more complex than it would first appear, namely the doctrine of the officia oratoris.

That is to say, we must try not only to understand what Cicero meant when he called on the orator to docere, conciliare/delectare, and movere; but also to see whelher the alternative formulations, conciliare and delectare, are based on different elements in Aristotelian rhetorical theory. I shall argue that we face two distinct kinds of "officia," expressed by the two triads, which for the moment I indicat.e "tout court" by the expressions docere conciliare movere and docere delectare movere. I think that the difference between them can be explained by considering two points in Aristotle's doctrine, enlarged by not insignificant Hellenistic elements." (p. 66)
Clark, Mark Edward, and Ruebel, James S. 1975. "Philosophy and Rhetoric in Cicero's Pro Milone." Rheinisches Museum für Philologie no. 128:57–72.
Cole, Thomas. 1997. "Canonicity and Multivalence: The Case of Cicero." In The Rhetoric Canon, edited by Schildgen, Brenda Deen, 33–45. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
Connolly, Joy. 2007. The State of Speech: Rhetoric and Political Thought at Rome. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Cox, Virginia, and Ward, John O., eds. 2006. The Rhetoric of Cicero in Its Medieval and Early Renaissance Commentary Tradition. Leiden: Brill.
Douglas, Alan Edward. 1973. "The Intellectual Background of Cicero's Rhetorica: A Study in Method." In Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, Teil I: Von den Anfängen Roms bis zum Ausgang der Republik, Band 3: Sprache und Literatur (1. Jahrunderth v. Chr.), edited by Temporini, Hildegard, 95–138. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Dugan, John. 2005. Making a New Man: Ciceronian Self-Fashioning in the Rhetorical Works. New York: Oxford University Press.
———. 2012. "Scriptum and Voluntas in Cicero's Brutus." In Letteratura e Civitas: Transizioni dalla Repubblica all'Impero. In ricordo di Emanuele Narducci, edited by Citroni, Mario, 119–128. Pisa: ETS.
———. 2013. "Cicero’s rhetorical theory." In The Cambridge Companion to Cicero, edited by Steel, Catherine, 25–40. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

"Rhetoric was the object of profound meditation throughout Cicero’s life.

The corpus of his rhetorical writings spans nearly the whole of his career, and survives in a remarkable variety of forms, constituting one of Cicero’s major contributions to Roman literature and culture." (p. 25)

(...)

"Cicero employed rhetorical theory for such ambitious purposes by leveraging the prestige of being the most celebrated orator of his time. He wrote his mature works of rhetorical theory with the authority (auctoritas) of a leading statesman and renowned speaker. Rhetorical theory presented Cicero with an avenue for political influence through intellectual inquiry, especially when more direct routes were closed off to him by the turmoil of the late republic.

Cicero’s rhetorical theory both presents a view of the global importance of oratory for Rome and defends his own career against attacks from rivals.

Cicero uses his own oratorical career to authorize his rhetorical theory, and uses his rhetorical theory to defend his oratorical career. Even within his sweeping arguments about the nature and importance of oratory, Cicero interweaves elements of his own life as an orator and politician, making his rhetorical theory an expression of his identity.(7)" (pp. 26-27)

(7) An idea explored in Dugan 2005 [Making a New Man: Ciceronian Self-Fashioning in the Rhetorical Works. Oxford].
———. 2013. "Cicero and the Politics of Ambiguity: Interpreting the Pro Marcello." In Community and Communication: Oratory and Politics in Republican Rome, edited by Steel, Catherine and van der Bloom, Henriette, 211–225. New York: Oxford University Press.
Enos, Richard Leo. 1975. "Cicero's forensic oratory: The manifestation of power in the roman republic." Southern Speech Communication Journal no. 40:377–394.

Abstract: "Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman statesman of the first century B.C., has been recognized as an influential theorist of rhetoric, but research focusing on his rise as a successful orator, which aided in establishing the credentials to write rhetorical treatises,

has indicated the need for further investigation. This study demonstrates how Cicero, lacking an aristocratic heritage, tremendous wealth, and military sagacity, utilized his ability in forensic oratory to establish himself as a powerful force in the party politics of the Roman Republic. After examining Cicero's role in and view of the courts of Rome, and his accompanying political success, the author concludes that forensic oratory was a source of political power whereby young Romans who secured legal victories for influential clients could utilize their support in achieving public offices. The rhetorica of such successful orators as Cicero were therefore important because they provided axiological guidelines for political advancement."
———. 1979. "The advocates of pre‐ciceronian Rome: Cicero's standard for forensic oratory." Communication Quarterly no. 27:54–82.

Abstract: "Despite the impact of Roman advocates on such individuals as Cicero, information on those speakers who shaped the focus and standards for Latin rhetoric is virtually unknown. This study investigates both the extant fragments of these early orators and the commentary of their only real contemporarv critic, Cicero. An examination of this evidence is designed to meet a twofold need of a period which is a dark age in the history of rhetoric: first, an analysis of information on the orators who preceded Cicero; and second, a synthesis of findings which will provide insight into Cicero's standard for forensic oratory."
———. 1988. The Literate Mode of Cicero's Legal Rhetoric. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Fantham, Elaine. 1973. "Ciceronian Conciliare and Aristotelian Ethos." Phoenix no. 27:262–275.
———. 1989. "The growth of literature and criticism at Rome." In The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism. Vol. 1, Classical Criticism., edited by Kennedy, George A., 220–244. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 2004. The Roman World Cicero's De Oratore. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fogel, Jerise. 2007. "The descent of style in Cicero's Brutus." Scholia: Studies in Classical Antiquity no. 16:42–68.

Abstract: "One important innovation of Cicero's Brutus is the way in which it represents the transmission, reception, and development of oratorical skills. Cicero dismantles and transforms existing family rhetoric of descent by using traditional vocabulary describing talent and familial influence in new ways. He emphasizes the possibility of learning from and differentiating oneself from age-mates and colleagues within the same generation. The result is an incipient republican aesthetic of oratory."
Fortenbaugh, William W. 1988. "Benevolentiam conciliare and animos permovere. Some remarks on Cicero's De oratore 2.178-216." Rhetorica no. 6:259–273.
———. 1989. "Cicero's Knowledge of the Rhetorical Treatises of Aristotle and Theophrastus." In Cicero's Knowledge of the Peripatos, edited by Fortenbaugh, William W. and Steinmetz, Peter, 39–60. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
———. 1998. "Cicero, On Invention 1.51-77: Hypothetical Syllogistic and the Early Peripatetics." Rhetorica.A Journal of the History of Rhetoric no. 16:25–46.

"In On Invention, Cicero discusses both induction and deduction. In regard to the latter, Cicero presents a controversy between those who advocate a five-part analysis of deductive reasoning and those who prefer three parts. The issue is not practical or pedagogical, but conceptual in nature. Cicero himself prefers analysis into five parts, and rather confusingly he presents the argument of the advocates of five parts as if it were his own. The argument is striking in that it makes elaborate use of mixed hypothetical syllogisms in order to argue for five parts. Cicero claims that the five-part analysis has been preferred by all who take their start from Aristotle and Theophrastus. A survey of what Theophrastus is reported to have said concerning the hypothetical syllogism renders Cicero's claim intelligible. That is not to say that Theophrastus himself advocated a five-part analysis. Most likely the association with him derives from his known interest in hypothetical syllogistic. Later rhetoricians who identified themselves with the Peripatos made the cormection with the founders of the school, thereby gaining authority for a controversial analysis."
———. 2005. "Cicero as a Reporter of Aristotelian and Theophrastean Rhetorical Doctrine." Rhetorica.A Journal of the History of Rhetoric no. 13:37–64.

"This article is based on a general principle: the study of a fragmentary author should begin with a study of the sources. The particular subject is Cicero as a source for Theophrastus' rhetorical doctrine. The works On Invention, On the Orator and Orator are considered one after the other. The reliability of Cicero is tested by comparing what is said about Aristotle with what we read in the existing Rhetoric. Grounds for caution will be found. In the case of Theophrastus, we shall discover that Cicero does have value as a source, but his value should not be overstated. The reports are often quite general and sometimes they involve Ciceronian additions."
Fotheringam, Lynn S. 2013. Persusaive Language in Cicero's Pro Milone: A Close reading and Commentary. London: Institute of Classical Studies.
Gaines, Robert N. 2002. "Cicero's Partitiones Oratoriae and Topica: Rhetorical Philosophy and Philosophical Rhetoric." In Brill´s Companion to Cicero: Oratory and Rhetoric, edited by May, James M., 445–480. Leiden: Brill.
Gildenhard, Ingo. 2011. Creative Eloquence: The Construction of Reality in Cicero's Speeches. New York: Oxford University Press.

Abstract: "This book argues that a distinctive hallmark of Cicero's oratory is a conceptual creativity that one may loosely characterize as philosophical. A range of case studies show how this creativity manifests itself in striking and original views on human beings and being human, politics, society, and culture, and the sphere of the supernatural. After an introduction that defines the outlook of Cicero's philosophical oratory and addresses methodological issues ,the volume contains three parts with four chapters each, devoted, respectively, to the anthropology, the sociology, and the theology contained within his speeches. Each of the three parts begins with a substantial introduction that situate sCicero's thought within its wider historical and intellectual context, not least by identifying where and how he departed from the established habits of thought in the late‐republican field of power. The nature of the argument requires close philological study of key terms or concepts including natura, humanitas, tyrannus, and conscientia as well as attention to larger figures of thought, such as agency and accountability, he ethics of happiness, laws vs. justice, the enemy within, civilization vs. barbarity, the problem of theodicy, and life after death. Examples are drawn from the entire corpus of Ciceronian oratory, from the pro Quinctio to the Philippics, with in‐depth analysis of a representative cross‐section of particularly relevant speeches. Overall, the book offers a fundamental reappraisal of a canonical body of texts and should appeal not just to scholars of Cicero and Latin literature, but also Roman historians, and students of the history of rhetoric."
Gilleland, Brady B. 1961. "The Date of Cicero's "Partitiones Oratoriae"." Classical Philology no. 56:29–32.
Görler, Woldemar. 1988. "From Athens to Tusculum: Reconsidering the background of Cicero's De oratore." Rhetorica no. 6:215–235.

Reprinted in: W. Görler, Kleine Schriften zur hellenistisch-römischen Philosophie, edited by Christoph Catrein, Philosophia Antiqua, XCV, Leiden: Brill, 2004, pp. 172-192.
Hall, Jon. 1994. "Persuasive Design in Cicero's De Oratore." Phoenix no. 48:210–225.
———. 2014. "Cicero's Brutus and the Criticism of Oratorical Performance." The Classical Journal no. 110:43–59.

Abstract: "In the Brutus Cicero shows himself an astute critic of oratorical performance. This paper examines Cicero’s opinions on the different modes of delivery employed by many of the orators he mentions in his dialogue. It ultimately reaffirms the power and significance of delivery in supporting or overriding other elements of speech-making. Finally, because the Brutus is to a large extent a record of Cicero’s opinions, the dialogue opens a window on his preferences and perhaps even practice in his own oratorical delivery."
Harries, Jill. 2006. Cicero and the Jurists: From Citizens’ Law to the Lawful State. London: Duckworth.
Kapust, Daniel. 2011. "Cicero on decorum and the morality of rhetoric." European Journal of Political Theory no. 10:92–112.

Abstract: "This paper explores an important problem in political theory and a central issue in the study of Cicero’s thought: the tension between philosophy and rhetoric. Through an exploration of the virtue of decorum in Cicero’s rhetorical thought (chiefly On the Ideal Orator and Orator) and in his moral philosophy (On Duties), I argue that the virtue of decorum provides an external check on both speech and action rooted in humans’ rational nature. Given the roots of decorum in humans’ rational nature and the natural law, the desire to meet our audience’s approval does not involve Cicero in a sophistic approach to rhetoric. Rather, the desire to observe decorum provides the orator and his audience with standards of judgement that transcend mere taste and reflect

underlying moral knowledge."
Keeline, Thomas J. 2018. The Reception of Cicero in the Early Roman Empire: The Rhetorical Schoolroom and the Creation of a Cultural Legend. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kennedy, George A. 1972. The Art of Rhetoric in Roman World 300 B.C.-A.D. 300. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Second volume of the series: History of Rhetoric.
Kenty, Joanna. 2016. "Congenital Virtue: Mos Maiorum in Cicero's Orations." The Classical Journal no. 111:429–462.

Abstract: "Cicero’s appeals to antiquity with the term mos maiorum, or simply maiores, in his orations enable the orator to appeal to his audience’s emotions, and to highlight their collective identity and cultural heritage as the proper basis for the decision he advocates. His usage is not strongly correlated with any chronological or generic subset of the orations, as is shown by a simple statistical analysis of their distribution. It is better understood as a strategic response to the circumstances particular to each oration, in a less formal sense."
———. 2020. Cicero's Political Personae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
La Bua, Giuseppe. 2019. Cicero and Roman Education: The Reception of the Speeches and Ancient Scholarship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

"Cicero and Roman Education is a book about the reception of Cicero’s speeches in the Roman educational system. It focuses on the role played by the speeches as practical supports for liberal education and rhetorical training in antiquity. Just as Virgil took a prominent place as a master of Latin poetry, Cicero dominated the world of Roman education as the exemplary model of prose writing and the ideal orator. And just as Virgil’s epic poem illustrated the power of Roman poetical language, Cicero’s orations served the needs of Roman elite male students, who looked at them as source of good Latin and instances of triumphant oratory. As its subtitle, The Reception of the Speeches and Ancient Scholarship, indicates, this book is also about the part played by the schools in the survival and propagation of the speeches. From the initial stages of textual transmission (publication and handwritten copies) to the earliest medieval testimonies, the educational use of the speeches acted as a sort of “guarantee” against the loss of a significant part of Cicero’s oratorical output. In addition, since ancient scholarship on the speeches was beyond doubt connected to the school environment and didactic contexts, this study concentrates on the scholarly interpretation of Cicero’s oratorical texts as a response to specific educational demands.

(...)

The evidence on which this book is based has been drawn not only from traditional sources, such as grammatical and rhetorical handbooks or the most representative work of Ciceronianism in antiquity, Quintilian’s

educational treatise known as Institutio Oratoria. The main evidence derives above all from the scholia on the speeches, the body of exegetical material of varying age and origin that has come down to us in the form of both marginal notes and continuous commentaries." (p. 11)
Leff, Michael C. 1983. "The Topics of Argumentative Invention in Latin Rhetorical Theory from Cicero to Boethius." Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric no. a:23–44.
MacKendrick, Paul. 1995. The Speeches of Cicero: Context, Law, Rhetoric. London: Duckworth.

With the technical assistance of Emmett L. Bennett, jr.
Magnano, Fiorella. 2015. "Cicero’s Lists of Topics from Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages." Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval no. 22:85–118.

Abstract: "Beginning with the Ciceronian divisions of rhetorical and dialectical topics as found, respectively, in the De inventione (84 BC), the De oratore (55 BC), the Partitiones oratoriae (54 BC) and the Topica (44 BC), the purpose of this study is to collect all the lists that have been transmitted from Antiquity to the early Middle Ages in order to observe — mainly through the help of several diagrams put in the appendix — their alteration, as well as their preservation."
May, James M. 1988. Trials of Character: The Eloquence of Ciceronian Ethos. Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press.
———, ed. 2002. Brill´s Companion to Cicero: Oratory and Rhetoric. Leiden: Brill.

Contents: Preface IX; List of Contributors XI; 1. James M. May: Cicero: His Life and Career 1; 2. Anthony Corbeill: Rhetorical Education in Cicero's Youth 23; 3. James M. May: Ciceronian Oratory in Context 49; 4. Ann Vasaly: Cicero's Early Speeches 71; 5. Robert W. Cape, Jr.: Cicero's Consular Speeches 113; 6. Andrew M. Riggsby: The Post Reditum Speeches 159; 7. Anthony Corbeill: Ciceronian Invective 197; 8. Harold C. Gotoff: Cicero's Caesarian Orations 219; 9. Jon Hall: The Philippics 273; 10. Jane W. Crawford: The Lost and Fragmentary Orations 305; 11. Jakob Wisse: The Intellectual Background of Cicero's Rhetorical Works 331; 12. Jakob Wissse: De Oratore: Rhetoric, Philosophy, and the Making of the Ideal Orator 375; 13. Emanuele NarduccI: (translated by the Editor): Brutus: The History of Roman Eloquence 401; 14. Emanuele NarduccI: (translated by the Editor): Orator and the Definition of the Ideal Orator 427; 15. Robert N. Gaines: Cicero's Partitiones Oratoriae and Topica: Rhetorical Philosophy and Philosophical Rhetoric 445; 16. George A. Kennedy: Cicero's Oratorical and Rhetorical Legacy 481; 17. Christopher P. Craig: A Survey of Selected Recent Work on Cicero's Rhetorica and Speeches 503; Christopher P. Craig: Bibliography 533; General Index 601; Index Locorum 622-632.
———. 2007. "Cicero as Rhetorician." In A Companion to Roman Rhetoric, edited by Dominik, William and Hall, Jon, 250–263. Blackwell.
McKeon, Richard. 1966. "The Methods of Rhetoric and Philosophy: Invention and Judgment." In The Classical Tradition: Literary and Historical Studies in Honor of Harry Caplan, edited by Wallach, Luitpold, 365–373. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Reprinted as Chapter 6 in: R. McKeon, Selected Writings of Richard McKeon, Vol. 2. Culture, Education, and the Arts, edited by Zahava K. MacKeon and William G. Swenson, Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2005, pp. 97-103.
Murphy, James J., Katula, Richard A., and Hoppmann, Michael. 2014. "The Rhetorical Theory of the Mature Cicero, With Synopses of His Major Rhetorical Works." In A Synoptic History of Classical Rhetoric. Fourth edition, 148–181. New York: Routledge.

Fourth edition. First edition 1983.

"Chapter 5 provides synopses of six major treatises on rhetoric composed during the era of the Roman republic by Marcus Tullius Cicero, one of the most influential orators and rhetoricians of the ancient world. Roman rhetoric and its educational background is studied further in Chapter 6, a comprehensive review of the life of Quintilian and his educational and rhetorical theory as developed in his 12-volume

Institutio oratoria ( The Education of the Orator ). This chapter also notes the influence of the Institutio oratoria down through the ages.

We welcome Michael Hoppmann as a co-author of this fourth edition. Michael brings his knowledge of stasis theory to the text as well as his broad European education in the classics." (Introduction, p. XII)
Ochs, Donovan J. 1989. "Cicero and Philosophic Inventio." Rhetoric Society Quarterly no. 19:217–227.
———. 2003. "Cicero’s Rhetorical Theory. With Synopses of Cicero’s Seven Rhetorical Works." In A Synoptic History of Classical Rhetoric. Third edition, edited by Murphy, James J., Katula, Richard A., Hill, Forbes I. and Ochs, Donovan J., 151–199. Mahwah, New Jersey: Hermagoras Press.
Oliva, Matilde. 2024. "Eloquence as Handmaiden of Wisdom. Hellenistic Philosoph(ies) in Cicero’s Partitiones Oratoriae." In Cicero in Greece, Greece in Cicero: Aspects of Reciprocal Reception from Classical Antiquity to Byzantium and Modern Greece, edited by Deligiannis, Ioannis, 73–94. Berlin: de Gruyter.

"Taking as a starting point the semantic and cultural Latinisation of a Greek literary image found in Partitiones oratoriae, this study aims at investigating the relationship between rhetoric and philosophy in this work, one of Cicero’s last writings on rhetoric.(11) The work, a handbook conceived as a dialogue between Cicero himself and his son Marcus, contains an intriguing and as yet not investigated representation of dialectics and oratory as ‘handmaidens and companions of wisdom’ (Cic. Part. or. 78). This personified image, surprisingly overlooked by Partitiones oratoriae’s few commentators, eventually deserves to be examined more in depth. The explicit representation of the ancillary relationship between eloquence nd philosophy as well as the potential metaliterary value of such an image could in fact turn out to be crucial in order better to frame the complex relationship between these two disciplines, in a work where philosophy (and Greece) appears to be more present and rooted than it might seem at first sight."

(11) (...) I hold that Partitiones oratoriae was composed in the final phase of Cicero’s life, between 46 and 45 BCE(...)
Pieper, Christoph, and van der Velden, Bram, eds. 2020. Reading Ciceroʼs Final Years: Receptions of the Post-Caesarian Works up to the Sixteenth Century. With two Epilogues. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Powell, Jonathan, and Paterson, Jeremy. 2004. Cicero: The Advocate. New York: Oxford University Press.
Powell, Jonathan G. F. 2007. "Translation and culture in ancient Rome: Cicero's theory and practice of translation." In Ubersetzung / Translation / Traduction: An International Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited by Kittel, Harald, Frank, Paul Armin, Greiner, Norbert, Hermans, Theo and Koller, Werner, 1132–1159. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Remer, Gary. 2013. "Rhetoric, Emotional Manipulation, and Political Morality: The Modern Relevance of Cicero vis-à-vis Aristotle." Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric no. 31:402–443.

Abstract: "Notwithstanding the widespread assumption that Aristotle forges a better relationship among rhetoric, the emotions, and political morality than Cicero, I contend that Cicero, not Aristotle, offers a more relevant account of the relationship among these terms. I argue that, by grounding his account of emotional appeals in the art of rhetoric, Aristotle does not evade the moral problems originating in emotional manipulation. Moreover, Aristotle’s approach to emotional appeals in politics is, compared to Cicero’s, static, unable to adapt to new political circumstances. I suggest that Cicero’s approach to the rhetorical emotions is more acceptable to a modern audience than Aristotle’s because it is ethically based while also responsive to political realities. Cicero accommodates emotional appeals to circumstance based on his belief in decorum as a moral principle. Further, I show that emotional manipulation in Cicero is not as problematical as it initially appears."
Rubinelli, Sara. 2009. Ars Topica. The Classical Technique of Constructing Arguments from Aristotle to Cicero. Dordrecht: Springer.

Contents; Introduction by David S. Levene: Topoi in Their Rhetorical Context XVII-XXII; Part I: The Creation of the Method of Topoi and Its Characteristics. 1. Aristotle's Topics 3; 2. Dialectical and Rhetorical Uses of Topoi 43; Part II: Topoi and Loci. 3. Cicero's Use of Locus in De Inventione 93; 4.Cicero's List of Aristotelian Loci 111; Conclusion 145; Bibliography 149; Index of Concepts 155; Index of Passages 157-160.
Sattler, William M. 1949. "Some platonic influences in the rhetorical works of Cicero." Quarterly Journal of Speech no. 35:164–169.
Schütrumpf, Eckart. 1988. "Platonic Elements in the Structure of Cicero De Oratore Book 1." Rhetorica no. 6:237–258.
———. 1994. "Non-Logical Means of Persuasion in Aristotle's Rhetoric and Cicero's De oratore." In Peripatetic Rhetoric After Aristotle, edited by Fortenbaugh, William W. and Mirhady, David C., 95–110. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Steel, Catherine. 2001. Cicero, Rhetoric, and Empire. New York: Oxford Univesity Press.
———. 2002. "Cicero's Brutus: The end of oratory and the beginning of history?" Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies no. 46:195–211.

Abstract: "The ostensible function of the Brutus is to record the history of oratory at Rome and thereby confirm that it has ceased to exist under Caesar’s dictatorship. But the gulf between Cicero’s ideal of oratory and its actual use mean that he is unable to implement his inclusive selection criteria, as the absences of Marius, Sulla, Catiline and Clodius from the catalogue indicate; and his discussions of speakers have to concentrate on technique and not content.

And whilst the narrative logic of the work tends towards Cicero himself as the culmination of Roman eloquence, his ultimate failure to inscribe himself into the canon shows that he is not yet willing to withdraw from political activity and cease to be an orator."
———. 2005. Reading Cicero. Genre and Performance in Late Republican Rome. London: Duckworth.
Stem, Rex. 2005. "The First Eloquent Stoic: Cicero on Cato the Younger." The Classical Journal no. 101:37–49.

Abstract: "Through a contextualization of the Ciceronian evidence for Cato the Younger's oratorical practice, this paper challenges the conventional interpretation of the Paradoxa Stoicorum 3, and thereby argues that Cato was the first Stoic to recognize the limitations of the traditionally jejune Stoic oratorical style and therefore to incorporate some oratorical embellishments into his public speaking.

This recognition of Cato's innovation in Stoic oratorical practice justifies and illuminates Cicero's claim at Brutus 118-19 that Cato was the first eloquent Stoic."
———. 2006. "Cicero as orator and philosopher: The value of the Pro Murena for Ciceronian political thought." Review of Politics no. 68:206–231.

Abstract: "This essay seeks to demonstrate that the different generic parts of Cicero's corpus are but different sides of the mind of the same man, and, thus, that all parts of the corpus-including the forensic speeches, once they have been corroborated by other passages in his corpus - should be regarded as valuable evidence for understanding Ciceronian political thought. A comparison of Cicero's Peripatetic criticism of the Younger Cato's Stoicism in the Pro Murena to the view of Cato's politics expressed in his private correspondence of 61-60 BC and in De Finibus 4.61 reveals that this criticism is more than just a humorous digression to win the case. As an extended expression of Cicero's belief that the inflexible moral certainties of Cato's Stoicism could be detrimental to the managing of the consensus necessary to political life in a republic, the Pro Murena should also be recognized."
Stevenson, Tom, and Wilson, Marcus, eds. 2008. Cicero’s Philippics: History, Rhetoric and Ideology. Auckland: Polygraphia.
Sumner, Graham V. 1973. The Orators in Cicero's Brutus: Prosopography and Chronology. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Tahin, Gàbor. 2014. Heuristic Strategies in the Speeches of Cicero. Cham (Switzerland): Springer.
Thonssen, Lester, and Baird, A. Craig. 1948. "Cicero and Quintilian on Rhetoric." In Speech Criticism: The Development of Standards for Rhetorical Appraisal, edited by Thonssen, Lester and Baird, A. Craig, 137–157. New York: Ronald Press.

Reprinted in Edward P. J. Corbett, James L. Golden, Goodwin F, Berquist (eds.), Essays on the Rhetoric of the Western World, Dubuque: Kendall-Hun 1990, pp. 178-194.

"If it can be said that the Greeks invented rhetoric, the Romans perfected it. Cicero, Rome’s foremost orator and a life-long student of philosophy and the liberal arts, provides us with more practical insights on speaking and writing than any of his predecessors or contemporaries. And he does so in such a way that hi sfelicitous prose takes on “the character of finality.” Cicero regarded Isocrates as “the father of eloquence”; consequently his varied writings on rhetoric sustain the Greek tradition intact.

A century later, the Roman teacher, Quintilian, solidified our store of rhetorical knowledge in a four volume compendium. He is perhaps best remembered for the definition of the perfect orator as “the good man skilled in speaking,” a marriage of rhetoric and ethics particularly appealing in the Christian era to follow." (p. 178 of the reprint)
van den Berg, Christopher. 2021. The Politics and Poetics of Cicero's Brutus. The Invention of Literary History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vasaly, Ann. 1993. Representations: Images of the World in Ciceronian Oratory. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Volk, Katharina. 2021. The Roman Republic of Letters: Scholarship, Philosophy, and Politics in the Age of Cicero and Caesar. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
von Albrecht, Michael. 2003. Cicero Style: A Synopsis. Followed by Selected Analytical Studies. Leiden: Brill.
Ward, John O. 1995. Ciceronian Rhetoric in Treatise, Scholion and Commentary. Turnhout: Brepols.
Winterbottom, Michael. 1983. "Cicero." In Texts and Transmission: A Survey of the Latin Classics, edited by Reynold, Leighton, 54–142. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Speeches, pp. 54-98; rhetorical works 98-102; philosophical works 102-142.
———. 1996. "The integri of Cicero's Topica." The Classical Quarterly no. 46:403–410.
Wisse, Jakob. 1989. Ethos and Pathos from Aristotle to Cicero. Amsterdam: Hakkert.
———. 2002. "De Oratore: Rhetoric, Philosophy, and the Making of the Ideal Orator." In Brill´s Companion to Cicero: Oratory and Rhetoric, edited by May, James M., 375–401. Leiden: Brill.
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